This meant that Southern governments frequently were in the hands of novices: for example, inexperienced (and sometimes illiterate) freedmen andworse yet, from the point of view of many Southern loyalistsNortherners who had moved in the wake of war to assist in the recovery effort. While some historians see Reconstruction as both success and failure, Foner takes an unequivocal stance that Reconstruction was not at all successful. He cites several reasons in support of his opinion economic and political, as well as social. However, what gains were made in the realm of civil rights were under assault by the time Grant died and almost completely destroyed by the turn of the century. What legal loopholes did Southerners create to resist African American equality? Lincoln's and Johnson's plans fundamentally different from the Radical Republican plan. Did black legislatures outnumber whites in any state legislatures? Equally important, the concept of "civil rights" was established during this period. hVKo@+{l>[" mD1j*E9Uvwf]R0p#\hXbX@" kB" z5:w[*aUwiD2[Av4ft?eSdMN'Vm'yl9/fh-5E"$tXM_=?)[1ZX&/rW-]gK@0Xmzf7+U-"jE1ENM|:2!US.N,'(g({e]a]X`6K(R(:eFF| hwAocF@s00Zm/~;?VJoI(s` }L 6k'pU]sT@VY&Cv; XH8FgCL=rM5Ax6Kv$8u#+8>&`v ? The Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution officially abolished and continues to prohibit slavery and involuntary servitude, except as punishment for a crime. In case of the removal of the President from office or of his death or resignation, the Vice President shall become President. The teacher may also wish to explain to the students the use of the word Negro in some of these documents. The official era of Reconstruction came to a close with the Compromise of 1877. The new legislation was passed in July over Johnson's veto. If loading fails, click here to try again. What did Johnson advise the southern states to do about the 14th amendment? Describe the general character of the social conditions within the nation in the aftermath of Reconstruction. (southern Democrats). It helped the Republicans seat more than 2/3 majority in the House and Congress. The thirteenth, fourteenth and fifteenth amendment were created during the twelve years of rebuilding the country. The first federal immigration restrictions were passed during this time. Question 11 30 seconds Q. If you leave this page, your progress will be lost. What segregated (separated) blacks & whites after Reconstruction. His policies after he became president were even more lenient than Lincoln's, and they caused a confrontation with the Radical Republicans in Congress that culminated in his impeachment. This hostility gathered strength as scandals continued to supply evidence for its justification. Saliency maps reveal directly how much a change in each input pixel would affect reconstruction loss, while each pixel's reconstruction error may be attributed to many input pixels when layers are fully connected. Identify specific problems that may have emerged as a result of Reconstruction policy in its many and varied permutations. Course Hero is not sponsored or endorsed by any college or university. endstream endobj 119 0 obj <>stream This condition was inevitable given the disqualification of many of the regions most experienced and able government officials because of their disfranchisement for participation in the late rebellion. The objective is to show the students how the combination of facts, opinions, statistics, and pictures can broaden their understanding of a subject. He antagonized the northern voters. During Reconstruction, Johnson did not believe there was anything to be gained by promoting equal rights for African Americans. In February 1868, after months of investigation, the House voted to impeach the president, largely on the grounds that Johnson had violated the Tenure of Office Act in firing Edwin Stanton. A time of rebuilding the South after the Civil War to resolve the South's problems and bring it back into the Union What were the problems He pushed for the establishment of the Department of Justice in 1870, which was tasked with investigating acts of violence against African Americans. List the groups in chronological order that ran and controlled the Reconstruction process in the US Government. Analyzing Primary SourcesThis lesson involves using a number of primary source documents authored by a variety of people; some were highly educated, others were less so, and still others were recently freed slaves who were barely literate. HWn}W*(5X,lvLvv}X[ZKq>yFNIQ:UNWOo+S.~/\N($B;f %QI`MVy*|UrS=/4t4_&y^F?7KH84ZxGIUl~&=$wZ]mI_}?cIt4.#9r{s~zn|'nDD DqPz7.|f@(F_k~mz\(J( ,l=70$(yAbs[ki i l}QXvf;;4f74x4B3G3=!7.W X5Xz4]?w/ %Q:!^M_}8z:K H?Ce[U|.CKu@CY) iw#7PY7WP$|WPUqAr5vVK]tok*Dx|MX:-!O Jo#=j8u>rRt\?n! ~.Mgq1JwPD_8 sgA4DY_.kYTP@FuU;zvbEFX=1 S$&5blu1X3=y\W]lh 5f+tY[SU%-6+VZX]r6_>:@ t QYoySE"6=sPoa'&vxgO,q2@pYb: S,d.b9Ij?z/pT0,8[Bx53;IGbxfBQcNx;sLWcw1s}(5_1TJz0O#FNl7DysZjEnjN0_k!d.vT&_AfjwGlEPC|aVK=:+JG}gg] @@ovkV\Uv(%xR\V&%9 cn_n@:/X4m4dIo1i`m[q}+ql4w %%EOF . What was the "Swing 'Round the Circle"? bJLA/RO\Hh2cN]J8JUApfGuYB^(YDLsNil/y!0>3LW{0 nPt2==eD>>H5o The citizens of the South had to take an oath of loyalty, and once 10% of the state had taken the oath the state could rejoin the Union. The KKK wanted to move power in government back to the Democratic Party. Share Croppers:Mostly Freedmen who had no tools or supplies, and worked, farmed, and lived on someone else's land. 0 Segregation was legal, as long as the notion of separate but equal was being followed. quizlet.com H6 Reconstruction i. Who did the Fifteenth Amendment formally grant the right to vote in 1870? The House of Representatives even voted to impeach Johnson over an appointment he made that violated the newly instated Tenure of Office Act. it was now all white corruption so did not attract as much attention. Which of the following describes the African American experience in the Reconstruction-Era South? This narrative was promoted by former Confederates, academics, and politicians alike and served to falsely provide an underlying ideology to justify denying equal rights. 436 0 obj <>stream The teacher may also want to point out that original documents, such as these, retain their original spelling and syntaxeven if incorrect. `cw]}{(ugeFo, +mKk.]{g~S^NWs0znS`~Zm%,Kw~vBY5_oLx|? Reconstruction Era National Historic Park in Beaufort, South Carolina defines Reconstruction as having started in 1861 (the beginning of the American Civil War) and lasting until the early twentieth century. Compose and turn in for a grade a 2-4 page brief for the historian in Activity 2 that more fully evaluates the views presented in the document covered by his or her group. Microbiology CH9 Genetic Change and Genome Ev. C04I!q^Q);i])G~H.HdRYBBYRi8,i 7P.,NPI Andrew Johnson. Johnson toured the nation, where he gave speeches opposing the radicals in Congress. Ulysses S. Grant, Gen Commander of the Union forces in the Civil War. kcP`?=xI87eC{+Fj*?ya The period following the Civil War in which Congress passed laws designed to rebuild the country and bring Southern states back into the Union What was a How did the stereotype of carpetbaggers compare with the reality? Who was the Republican candidate in the election of 1868? 35(VgS[Ywhhyy]^TTrni9j8m^!^ H` Congressmen? Ryan read an exegesis of the cryptic poem because .. What is meant by the term Reconstruction? How did Amendments 13, 14, & 15 help African Americans? The end of the Civil War found the nation without a settled Reconstruction policy. Johnson versus Congress. Johnson deliberately removed himself from the decisions involving Reconstruction. When the groups have completed their worksheets and concluded their discussion, the teacher, as Committee chairman, should lead the groups in brief presentations to the class (the Congressional Committee) highlighting their findings. The Presidential Plans (Lincoln and Johnson), the Congressional Reconstruction was successful in helping to reunite a divided country. What were the economic beliefs of the Radical Republicans? (113M Democrats who were previously unable to vote due to their Confederate ties were now able to vote and run for office. Write the letter of the choice that gives the sentence a meaning that is closest to the original sentence. Why of why not? In this blacks could vote and hold office. The Civil Rights Act of 1866 guaranteed African Americans in Similarly, there were those in the South who turned their bitterness at losing the war into a default position of hostility to all efforts to move forward. They had to have enough money to pay poll tax and had to pass a literacy test. HUO0~_qo'N$bMLBB#%mSIn;6wNO'Hb Northern Republicans who moved down South, often with intentions of helping rebuild Southern society. endstream endobj 419 0 obj <>stream WebEvaluating Reconstruction As the Civil War was drawing to a close in 1865, President Lincoln began making plans for the physical, economic, social and political rehabilitation of a region WebEvaluating Reconstruction Directions: Watch Crash Course #22 and use your Reconstruction Notes to answer the questions below. These research assistants will evaluate a series of documents (which in this activity will substitute for live interviews) representing a variety of views concerning the direction of Reconstruction policy regarding voting rights and the impact these views had or should have had on the politics of the nation. was a negative term Southerners adopted and gave to opportunistic and speculative Northerners who moved to the South during the Reconstruction Era, often seen as frauds. instituted public school systems and did away with the property requirements for voting. Also, this page requires javascript. A time of rebuilding the South after the Civil War to resolve the South's problems and bring it back into the Union. His campaign theme was "Let Us Have Peace," and he tried his best to promote sectional and racial harmony throughout the country. answer choices Reconstruction Freedman's Bureau Black Codes Jim Crow Laws Question 7 900 seconds Q. What wasthe primary purpose of the Reconstruction period following the Civil War? WebThe reconstruction approach they preferred was embodied in the WadeDavis bill (July 1864), which called for the establishment of a military government in each state and required at least fifty percent of the eligible voters to swear allegiance to the United States. With the assistance of original historical documents, students will consider the ways different perceptions from leading political figures about the outcomes of Reconstruction affected the political debate and the political future of the nation. You have not finished your quiz. answer choices How did many Southern states work around the voting rights guaranteed in the Fifteenth Amendment? WebQuestion 1 What was the primary purpose of the Reconstruction period following the Civil War? Return to slavery in a different way. Write a short essay on how social contexts surrounding a person can contribute to his or her upbringing, beliefs and overall quality of life. many had borrowed form the merchants who forclosed on them when they could not pay. D 7. They passed two bills. The Southerners saw the Freedmen's Bureau as an organization giving free food to freedmen but never requiring them to work, making them lazy. Who did the states and congress give free land to? E&GvBQ"RYP F2;~}i,v K_)DR zdh[_/P&ME *8-pmw(j7Qjcmj9~::$x}v8@;aZwO,qo The long alliance between the women's movement and the abolitionist cause broke, and women struggled on their own for another half century for the right to vote. African American males would not have the right to vote until the Fourteenth Amendment was passed. While not generally used today, it was accepted usage (by both black and white writers) during this period and it is part of the historical record. What was the purpose of the military Reconstruction Act quizlet? The Military Reconstruction Act stated that remaining Confederate states that had not been reconstructed would be divided into five military districts and put under martial law. State governments set up under Johnsons Reconstruction plan were deemed illegal and new governments were to be formed. The central question of Reconstruction was how to reunite a badly divided country fractured by four years of civil war. [c5vk~a5T?, P[oFVB-"X7/S{+} 2b(RG,}ti\ Weighted against growth in the North, the South fared poorer by all economic gauges. Po^dl=X7K1*,@~]^[ #Uh"d The EDSITEment-reviewed sites Digital History and Documenting the American South offer a wide variety of documents concerning the effects of Reconstruction on the newly freed black population and Southern society, in general. The states could enter the Union if they promised they would ratify the Fourteenth Amendment within five years. hZy\L 3!--[D)aC., But how much really changed? What was the immediate cause of Johnson's impeachment? `a{/uXZO`qf\ v-Nf. Underline each complement and indicate what kind of complement each one is. HUKo0WhUK( The teacher may also wish to visit the two EDSITEment-reviewed websites mentioned above for additional background material concerning reconstruction: America's Reconstruction: People and Politics After the Civil War and Freedmen and Southern Society Project: Chronology of Emancipation. Compute the acceleration of the particle after 2 seconds -30. The Black Codes included tactics like fines, arrests, and kidnapping to force African Americans back into bondage working on Southern farms without, technically, enslaving them. they had belonged to the democratic party known as the bourbon democrats. Who was one of the first black representatives in the Georgia Assembly? dzB;. a white Southerner who collaborated with northern Republicans during Reconstruction, often for personal profit. 2023 Course Hero, Inc. All rights reserved. He told the southern states to reject it. Communities would combine their farms yields to ensure everyone had enough food. Any items you have not completed will be marked incorrect. Right now, he is working on the chapter that examines the importance and impact of the Fourteenth Amendment. President Grant undoubtedly played a important role in what was the country's first civil rights movement in some ways, but Reconstruction had its shortcomings. Discuss how these policies may have affected attitudes in the country and, subsequently, how these attitudes helped or hindered politics upon the conclusion of the Reconstruction era. He talked about punishing the traitors and breaking up the large plantations, but at the same time, he supported states' rights and had little sympathy for blacks. Determined to prevent Johnson from interfering with their plan, Radical Republicans pushed through two pieces of legislation in March 1867 intended to severely limit presidential power. Certainly, there was deep resentment on the part of many white southerners who did not want to accept the idea of racial equality. WebDuring Reconstruction, three new amendments to the Constitution redefined freedom, citizenship, and democracy in the United States. Adoption of the amendment was an issue in the 1866 congressional elections, but the president's campaign against it did not work. It tested the Constitution and resulted in a compromise that ended Reconstruction in America. The Reconstruction Act was refined by subsequent legislation. Its members where southern whites that did not agree with the ideas of Reconstruction. y@bi(^k^izu#(fN@)Z4x[wN)Gd\JvWma:M;:*BL5;Sh`2lM^YQ2k(!W7.W)J0>krA"eXk+n R/B.zuu7' ]apJ|_wv^k| +^|B`:H$wlEnT*8@0vX{[rm6FoN,iE?FF/mh@u'Q{$]pJn07a8Y9U-A/, S7GYjkQUKC2"qxLa=23P21 |0Cm)r PS)et%.H e' @{/rd;G[F|!-DStuux2g>w2q}g=,~1tMEDuMz@hN The Civil Rights Act of 1866, which granted blacks born in the United States the same rights as white citizens, also became law (in April) over the president's objection. Discuss how these policies may have affected attitudes in Congress established a joint committee to review Reconstruction policy and set further conditions for readmitting states. EDSITEment is a project of theNational Endowment for the Humanities, Smithsonian Learning Lab collection on the Reconstruction Era, America's Reconstruction: People and Politics After the Civil War, Freedmen and Southern Society Project: Chronology of Emancipation, Excerpts from the testimony of Maddie Curtis, Excerpt from the conclusion of Holland Thompson, The Resources of North Carolina: Its Natural Wealth, Condition, and Advantages, as Existing in 1869, The Fourteenth Amendment to the Constitution, Letter from President Ulysses S. Grant to the Hon. After completing both sections of the worksheet, the group should discuss what they have learned about their topic through the interactive and the document. Over the next two years, partially due to the help of newly enfranchised African American male voters, all ten states complied with the Reconstruction Acts mandates. The 15th Amendment became an unenforced dead letter by the late nineteenth century. (Ge,YAjB%f~&L uG0Bqw4$VFF[RN ;J_:;`' The Freedmen's Bureau helped most in the area of education. What connections do you see between the realities in Latin America and South Africa? 5. Grandfather clauses gave citizens the right to vote if their grandfathers had been able to vote in elections prior to Reconstruction. Group A: Excerpts from the testimony of Maddie Curtis from Slave Narratives: A Folk History of Slavery in the United States From Interviews with Former Slaves, North Carolina Narratives, 1937, Group B: Excerpt from Rev. How did the results of Reconstruction policy shape the politics of the reconstructed states and the nation at large? Many Southerners were scared of rebellion. But charges of corruption were not limited to Grants administration. 132 0 obj <>stream The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude. Did Congress do anything about white violence? Exclusion of the last group reflected Johnson's hatred of the planter aristocracy rather than some condition that had to do with restoring the former Confederate states. Following the presentations, the teacher may also wish to lead the class in a discussion of the methodology of this activity, asking students to examine the ways in which maps, pictures, and original documents expanded their understanding of the topic. "waving the bloody shirt" reminded the voters of Grant's war victory. In actuality carpetbaggers were people who came down from the North to help freedmen and poor whites through the Freedmen's Bureau. Formally defines citizenship and protects a person's civil and political rights from being abridged or denied by any state. The historian (i.e., the teacher) will preside over the presentations and discussions and help the class distill the information gathered so that the class, together, can compose a two-page brief for the historian summarizing the impact of the Reconstruction debate over voting rights on the politics of the nation in 1877. One thing students might consider, for example, is how the devastation of war and the slow pace of efforts to recover from that devastation kept the South in a subordinate economic position in comparison to the faster growing cities of the North. The Jim Crow era replaced Reconstruction and ushered in a new era of racial segregation, violence, and murder well into the twentieth century. How did John Wilkes Booth affect Reconstruction? In preparation for teaching this lesson, the teacher should review the entire lesson plan, including introductory background information. The Amnesty Act of 1872 completely flipped the script on Southern politics and halted the progress being made by Reconstruction efforts. Radical Republicans thought it was letting the South off too easily. The documents listed above in conjunction with an examination of the painting could be used to spark an in-class discussion of the difficulties facing the South as it moved from one kind of social structure to a new, more American, way of life. The Resources of North Carolina: Its Natural Wealth, Condition, and Advantages, as Existing in 1869. Question 3 How did the WadeDavis Bill deal with the issues of Reconstruction? A particle moves along a straight line with the equation x = 16t + 4t2-3t3 where x is the distance in ft and t is the time in second. It prohibited state governments from denying a citizen the right to vote based on race, color, or previous condition of slavery. xT+&DLeD Teachers may wish to have students read several of the following, which illustrate the tension and uncertainty that existed along with the joy of liberty: Students might then be asked to examine the painting A Visit from the Old Mistress from the EDSITEment-reviewed site Africans in America. What terms did the Reconstruction Act of 1867 put in place for the Southern states who had not yet ratified the Fourteenth Amendment? In addition to reviewing the text of the Fourteenth Amendment, each group will be assigned to cover one additional (but short) document and make a presentation to the class summarizing the views presented in it. Maintaining a visible and active presence of Union troops in the South to facilitate the peaceful operation of government and Reconstruction was expensive and frustrating to many in Congress. He believed the South should not be welcomed back into the Union, He believed the Southern states should have to recognize equal rights for African Americans before being welcomed back into the Union, He insisted that a majority of Southern citizens take an oath of loyalty before the South could be welcomed back into the Union. What happened to black WebStudy with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Freedmen's Bureau, Reconstruction, Lincoln's Reconstruction Plan and more. B 9. Another useful resource is the Educator Resourcesof the National Archives, which features a set of Document Analysis Worksheets. Again, there were many reasons for the poor government in the South, including violence and sabotage from groups like the Ku Klux Klan and the racial animosity that inspired them, a general unwillingness to accept the political and social implications of equality under the law, and a lingering deep resistance to the idea of the supremacy of the Constitution and Union to state and local authority in matters of national significance. WebReconstruction was a significant chapter in the history of civil rights in the United States, but most historians consider it a failure. Based on the documents reviewed in this lesson, list some of the leading and competing political interests in the South as Reconstruction was drawing to a close. Alternative means of assessment include asking the students to do either or both of the following: 1. Compose a two-page essay explaining the ways in which the effects of Reconstruction may continue to affect our politics today. they became caught up in debt. Fear of black rule. Although the Lost Cause narrative argued that Grant's presidency had been a complete failure, more recent scholarship has attempted to reevaluate his legacy in a more balanced manner, highlighting both the accomplishments and shortcomings of his eight years in office. Why was the election of 1876 called the Disputed Election? It required a majority of voters in each Confederate state to swear their allegiance to the US before rejoining the Union, It prohibited Confederate officials and military leaders from voting or holding office. The new state legislatures adopted socalled black codes to keep the newly freed African Americans, or freedmen, in their place. Same as Lincoln's but military officials and persons with property worth more than $20,000 had to apply directly to the President for a pardon. 109 0 obj <> endobj
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