<< What is obedience? Stolz . /MediaBox [0 0 612 792] Cognitive miserliness was first proposed as a model for human thinking in 1984 by psychologists Susan Fiske and Shelley Taylor in their book Social Cognition. A brief example provided by Kahneman is that when we try not to stare at the oddly dressed couple at the neighboring table in a restaurant, our automatic reaction (System 1) makes us stare at them, but conflicts emerge as System 2 tries to control this behavior. /F3 23 0 R 333 0 R 334 0 R 335 0 R 336 0 R 337 0 R 338 0 R 339 0 R 340 0 R 341 0 R 342 0 R << /FirstChar 32 >> Harvard cognitive scientist David Perkins coined the term "mindware" to refer to the rules, data, procedures, strategies and other cognitive tools (knowledge of probability, logic and. /Group << >> /Tabs /S /Subtype /Type1 To save cognitive energy, cognitive misers tend to assume that other people are similar to themselves. As cognitive simplification, it is useful for realistic economic management, otherwise people will be overwhelmed by the complexity of the real rationales. >> /ProcSet [/PDF /Text /ImageB /ImageC /ImageI] The source code for the WIKI 2 extension is being checked by specialists of the Mozilla Foundation, Google, and Apple. 29 0 obj -Ex Chinese immigrants for making the railroads. [12], The study of attributions had two effects: it created further interest in testing the naive scientist and opened up a new wave of social psychology research that questioned its explanatory power. 10 0 obj endobj 6 0 obj Except where otherwise indicated, Everything.Explained.Today is Copyright 2009-2022, A B Cryer, All Rights Reserved. That is to say, people live in a second-handed world with mediated reality, where the simplified model for thinking (i.e., stereotypes) could be created and maintained by external forces. /Resources << In psychology, the human mind is considered to be a cognitive miser due to the tendency of humans to think and solve problems in simpler and less effortful ways rather than in more sophisticated and effortful ways, regardless of intelligence. [16] [17] [18] Heuristics can be defined as the "judgmental shortcuts that generally get us where we need to goand quicklybut at the cost of occasionally sending us off course. [1] Just as a miser seeks to avoid spending money, the human mind often seeks to avoid spending cognitive effort. >> -Cognitive Misers: take shortcuts whenever possible, value ease and efficiency at the expense of accuracy -Motivation: feel good -Post decision dissonance: start like flawed scientists after we're motivated to who'd rather feel right /GS7 27 0 R >> A practical example of cognitive misers' way of thinking in risk assessment of DeepwaterHorizonexplosion, is presented below. 28 0 obj 0 0 250 333 250 278 500 500 500 500 /Group << a. Cognitive dissonance theory b. Attribution theories c. Dual-process models d. Neuropsychological models 12. -In group: (us) -Groupthink: mode of thinking that occurs when the desire for harmony in a decision making group overrides a realistic appraisal of alternatives 5*#H-B^]gOh
#xQfy%^0X(?N,S )? [3] This view holds that evolution makes the brain's allocation and use of cognitive resources extremely embarrassing. 296 0 R 297 0 R 298 0 R 299 0 R 300 0 R 301 0 R 302 0 R 303 0 R 304 0 R 305 0 R When processing with System 2, people allocate attention to effortful mental activities required, and can construct thoughts in an orderly series of steps. /Encoding /WinAnsiEncoding >> Introducing Cram Folders! The implications of this theory raise important questions about both cognition and humanbehavior. /F5 25 0 R 15 0 R 16 0 R 17 0 R] Kruglanski said people are flexible social thinkers who choose between multiple cognitive strategies based on current goals or needs, people are motivated tacticians. attending a lecture, going to a restaurant, plane trips), PSYC1030: Personality Content-free schema: rules for processing information. /F6 26 0 R The process of understanding what something is by knowing -Self-justification: justifying destructive behaviors 0 333 0 667 556 833 667 722 0 0 /Contents 36 0 R -automatic responses, eye contact, speech problems, etc, -Minimal intergroup paradigm: the minimal conditions required for discrimination to occur between groups. /F3 23 0 R /Contents 42 0 R /GS7 27 0 R endobj What is situated social cognition? ", -Kurt Lewin: influences - fascism / final solution and gestalt principle (things are assigned by humans). << /Parent 2 0 R /Resources << What is an attribution? What sort of characteristics go together to form certain types of personality? That's it. /BaseFont /Times#20New#20Roman ETSU Online Programs - http://www.etsu.edu/onlineModule 4 - Social Psychology: Cognitive Misers, Schemas, & Social CognitionMOD 04 EP 15 /DescendantFonts [366 0 R] /Kids [5 0 R 6 0 R 7 0 R 8 0 R 9 0 R 10 0 R 11 0 R 12 0 R 13 0 R 14 0 R If the statement is always true, explain why. The implications of this theory raise important questions about both cognition and human behavior. >> /Group << /Font << [25] However, the relationship between information and attitudes towards scientific issues are not empirically supported. endobj [7], Before Fiske and Taylor's cognitive miser theory, the predominant model of social cognition was the nave scientist. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 /Count 13 [39][originalresearch? >> [4] Usually people do not think rationally or cautiously, but use cognitive shortcuts to make inferences and form judgments. -Within group: underestimate differences within groups, view their group as heterogeneous << /Type /Group Our pages contain various quotes with which our editorial team does not always agree. /Type /Group [13], Although Lippmann did not directly define the term cognitive miser, stereotypes have important functions in simplifying people's thinking process. When does it occur? One of the more naive efforts at such reconciliation . Jennifer A. . /Name /F3 /Type /Group /F2 22 0 R You should be drawing on discussions of attribution models, attribution bias . /Group << /Group << >> 667 556 611 722 722 944 0 0 0 333 Rationality and the reflective mind . applied to all aspects of our lives, it saves us time and cognitive processing, -2008 first black president naive scientist cognitive miser motivated tactician Consistency seeker we want consistency between prior beliefs about the world and our interpretations of new situations Naive scientist individuals gather relevant information un-selectively and construct social reality in an unbiased way Cognitive miser /Tabs /S >> In addition to streamlining cognition in complicated, analytical tasks, the cognitive miser approach is also used when dealing with unfamiliar issues and issues of great importance. %PDF-1.3 We weren't able to detect the audio language on your flashcards. 303 0 R 304 0 R 305 0 R 306 0 R 307 0 R 308 0 R 309 0 R 310 0 R 311 0 R 312 0 R 238 0 R 239 0 R] In psychology, the human mind is considered to be a cognitive miser due to the tendency of humans to think and solveproblems in simpler and less effortful ways rather than in more sophisticated and effortful ways, regardless of intelligence. [32] People apply a number of shortcuts or heuristics in making judgements about the likelihood of an event, because the rapid answers provided by heuristics are often right. A large share of the world supply of diamonds comes from Russia and South Africa. Since cooperators offer to play more often, and fellow cooperators will also more often accept their offer, the researchers arrived at the consensus that cooperators would have a higher expected payoff compared with defectors when certain boundary conditions are met. What kinds of information does a flawed scientist use when thinking about the behavior of others? << The cognitive miser theory did not originally specify the role of motivation. /InlineShape /Sect << -Out group: (them) (a) 2xdxx21\int \frac{2 x d x}{x^2\ -\ 1}x212xdx \qquad(b) 2xdx(x21)2\int \frac{2 x d x}{\left(x^2\ -\ 1\right)^2}(x21)22xdx, ( c ) 3xdxx21\int \frac{3 x d x}{\sqrt{x^2\ -\ 1}}x213xdx \qquad (d) 3xdxx21\int \frac{3 x d x}{x^2\ -\ 1}x213xdx. Rather than using an in-depth understanding of scientific topics, people make decisions based on other shortcuts or heuristics such as ideological predistortions or cues from mass media, and therefore use only as much information as necessary. 1,000 & 12,000 [2] [3] The term cognitive miser was first introduced by Susan Fiske and Shelley Taylor in 1984. [9][pageneeded] In this sense people are strategic instead of passively choosing the most effortless shortcuts when they allocate their cognitive efforts, and therefore they can decide to be nave scientists or cognitive misers depending on their goals. The Nave Scientist Attribution theory Making Attributions Attributional Biases The Cognitive Miser Heuristics The Motivated Tactician Social Categorization Basic Principles Why Do We Categorize? Dual process theory proposes that there are two types of cognitive processes in human mind. This second effect helped to lay the foundation for Fiske and Taylor's cognitive miser. [13] People's behavior is not based on direct and certain knowledge, but pictures made or given to them. /Font << [2][20], Voting behavior in democracies are an arena in which the cognitive miser is at work. -Culture: the traditions of a certain group of people >> *P?9-(A4wP"gr=I
@OkZR+tfOBT$!/47(}X0N>q*0@pa 6G$B3WG$ucj?d7tN%1LiWmqw orY;M#a~)vTiU o2"yHaUr@JiilHcGo'5"I;Y?D-'y~ Much of the cognitive miser theory is built upon work done on heuristics in judgment and decision-making,[15] most notably Amos Tversky and Daniel Kahneman results published in a series of influential articles. -Responses varied across cultures would sanctify the pursuit of selfinterest. >> System 2 may also have no clue to the error. People tend to use heuristic shortcuts when making decisions. /Parent 2 0 R >> Fiske and Taylor (1984) used the term cognitive miser to refer to broad tendencies to resist new ideas, to minimize effortful thought, and to avoid revising ones beliefs. 1 [73 0 R 74 0 R 75 0 R 76 0 R 77 0 R 78 0 R 79 0 R 80 0 R 81 0 R 82 0 R -Diffusion of responsibility: reduction in feelings of personal responsibility in the presence of others. The cognitive miser theory is an umbrella theory of cognition that brings together previous research on heuristics and attributional biases to explain how and why people are cognitive misers. clothes, grooming), motives, feelings, attitudes, interests, People combine attributes/traits that have valence into an overall positive or negative impression (Anderson, 1978). /Encoding /WinAnsiEncoding << >> Book: Stanovich, Keith E. . As cognitive simplification, it is useful for realistic economic management, otherwise people will be overwhelmed by the complexity of the real rationales. 24 0 obj 0 0 0 0 0 0 278 0 500 500 /MediaBox [0 0 612 792] /BaseFont /Times-Roman -Single vivid instances: dominate our images of group members. The cognitive miser . >> /Resources << 3,000 & 10,000 \\ What is social loafing? /Group << Therefore, we try to spend as little as possible in most caseswe are misers who try to protect our resources for important judgments. /GS7 27 0 R It will enhance any encyclopedic page you visit with the magic of the WIKI 2 technology. -Social facilitation: enhancement of performance brought out by the presence of others If not, give a counterexample. Why has research focused on European-American prejudice against minority groups? Keith Stanovich . /BaseFont /Arial Stereotypes are formed from the outside sources which identified with people's own interests and can be reinforced since people could be impressed by those facts that fit their philosophy. However, other psychologists also argue that the cognitively miserly tendency of humans is a primary reason why "humans are often less than rational". 2011 . /Contents [29 0 R 30 0 R 31 0 R 32 0 R 33 0 R] % membership. -Exploit the minority to gain your own resources Information from the outside world i Negativity bias refers to the notion that, even when of equal intensity, things of a more negative nature have a greater effect on one's psychological state Schema is concept by J. Piaget, it is a mental structure for representing concepts stored in the memory (Ajideh, 2003). /Encoding /Identity-H /Resources << 204 0 R 205 0 R 206 0 R 207 0 R 208 0 R 209 0 R 210 0 R 211 0 R 212 0 R 213 0 R /Artifact /Sect If AAA and BBB are events, then P(AB)P(B)P(A|B)\le P(B)P(AB)P(B). >> economic zones to fisheries. category based and other attribute based, on this continuum people can be perceived What are behavioral consequences of the threat of isolation? too much on mibd = heuristics 3) importance - heuristics better for estimates, if decison is important become a naive scientist 4) information level - if have all necessary info = become naive scientist /MediaBox [0 0 612 792] >> /Type /Catalog /F1 21 0 R [39] Kruglanski proposed that people are combination of nave scientists and cognitive misers: people are flexible social thinkers who choose between multiple cognitive strategies (i.e., speed/ease vs. accuracy/logic) based on their current goals, motives, and needs. -Cockroach study: the cockroaches completed an easier maze faster when there were other cockroaches present and they went faster in the hard maze when they were not being watched by other cockroaches /Chartsheet /Part First proposed in 1958 by FritzHeider in The Psychology of Interpersonal Relations, this theory holds that humans think and act with dispassionate rationality whilst engaging in detailed and nuanced thought processes for both complex and routine actions. /Name /F1 /StructParents 10 The brain in your pocket: evidence that smartphones are used to supplant thinking . ->Temne: food accumulating, shared resources, more confomity /Keywords (Social Cognition From Brains to Culture;Fiske;2nd Edition;Test Bank) . Much of the work done within this model focused on examining how people perceive and explain why others behave the way they do. /GS8 28 0 R >> This perspective assumes that detailed, deliberate processing is costly or expensive in terms of psychological resources, and our resource capacity is limited. When does anonymity lead to negative social behaviors? /GS7 27 0 R /S /Transparency << Versailles Co., a womens clothing store, purchased $18,000\$18,000$18,000 of merchandise from a supplier on account, terms FOB destination, 2/102/102/10, n/30\text{n}/30n/30. /Contents 35 0 R >> -Pool study: experienced players did better when being watched and newer players did worse when being watched. >> /CS /DeviceRGB 7,000 & 6,000 \\ 111 0 R 112 0 R 113 0 R] 0 0 0 0 0 500 0 444 500 444 List and Describe the Algebraic Impression Formation types: The whole is greater than the sum of its parts. during socialrejection/inclusion, IMPRESSION: an idea, feeling, or opinion about something orsomeone, especially one formed without conscious thought or onthe basis of little evidence, PERSON PERCEPTION: the process through which people observeother people, interpret information about them, draw inferencesabout them, & develop mental representations of them, provides the basis for the way we think, feel, and behavetowards others, physical characteristics (e.g. Heuristics are one way that we save resources. << 343 0 R 344 0 R 345 0 R 346 0 R 347 0 R 348 0 R 349 0 R 350 0 R 351 0 R 352 0 R] What is the motivation of the cognitive miser? According to conspiracy theorists, the actress Megan Fox has died and been replaced by lookalikes - not once, but twice (Credit: Getty Images) One, somewhat humbling, explanation is that we are all. Rossi . Discuss the validity of each statement. >> /CS /DeviceRGB /F4 24 0 R -Asch did the test with the lines of different sizes, used confederates which stated the wrong answer, this made the real subject more likely to say the wrong answer even when they had written down the right one "The subtlest and most pervasive of all influences are those which create and maintain the repertory of stereotypes." /S /Transparency >> /Pages 2 0 R /F4 24 0 R /Encoding /WinAnsiEncoding << >> What causes deindividuation? In 1987, a researcher named Oliver Sacks stu (Aronson, Wilson, and Akert, 2010) A schema is a category that is created about as our minds way of storing information. /ExtGState << Cram has partnered with the National Tutoring Association, Social Psychology: Bringing It All Together, Summative (additive model): the valence of all traits are summed, Averaging: the valence of all traits are averaged, Weighted averaging: the valence of all traits are first weighted (based on the importance of the variable within the context) and then averaged regarded as the, People may sense the world similarly, but perceive it differently. Describe Anchoring & Adjustment Heuristic: audio not yet available for this language, NAIVE SCIENTIST: people use rational scientific-like cause-effectanalyses to understand the world, COGNITIVE MISER: people use the least complex & demandingcognitions that are able to produce generally adaptivebehaviours, IMPRESSION FORMATION: the way in which we developperceptions of a person, Personality Recency: information presented later has more impact thanearlier information, Self schema: individualised knowledge structures about the self, {"cdnAssetsUrl":"","site_dot_caption":"Cram.com","premium_user":false,"premium_set":true,"payreferer":"clone_set","payreferer_set_title":"Week 3 Social Psychology","payreferer_url":"\/flashcards\/copy\/week-3-social-psychology-7549740","isGuest":true,"ga_id":"UA-272909-1","facebook":{"clientId":"363499237066029","version":"v12.0","language":"en_US"}}. /GS8 28 0 R Congratulations on this excellent venture what a great idea! 283 0 R 284 0 R 285 0 R 286 0 R 287 0 R 288 0 R 289 0 R 290 0 R 291 0 R 292 0 R -They would overbook places, give one group food that was better, etc. What is the dual process model of persuasion? /MediaBox [0 0 612 792] /Title (Social Cognition From Brains to Culture 2nd Edition Fiske Test Bank) That is, habitual cooperators assume most of the others as cooperators, and habitual defectors assume most of the others as defectors. /MarkInfo << /Type /Group -Cognitive Misers: take shortcuts whenever possible, value ease and efficiency at the expense of accuracy. People have trouble in imagining how small failings can pile up to form a catastrophe; People tend to get accustomed to risk. Who is Kurt Lewin & what is "Action Research? The cognitive miser is someone who is reluctant to think deeply about things. Later models suggest that the cognitive miser and the nave scientist create two poles of social cognition that are too monolithic. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 In this sense, effective communication can be achieved if media provide audiences with cognitive shortcuts or heuristics that are resonate with underlying audience schemata. How do dissonance reduction and self-justification affect prejudice and discrimination? 5 0 obj The motivated tactician approach The cognitive miser approach The nave scientist approach None of the above. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 /K [52 0 R 53 0 R 54 0 R 55 0 R 56 0 R 353 0 R 354 0 R 355 0 R 356 0 R 357 0 R 2#/@LF6vCYJvHPd"}1C{8:0# Lh5tfz|baZ 5,000 & 8,000 \\ . Versailles Co. returned $3,000\$3,000$3,000 of the merchandise, receiving a credit memo, and then paid the amount due within the discount period. This kind of categorical thinking give meaning to social stimuli under adverse or difficult processing conditions.[40]. -Pluralistic ignorance: error of assuming that no one in a group perceives things as we do not only vary in content but in structure too in terms of the intra-category /Type /Font The cognitive miser theory is an . << Five general views of the thinker emerge in social psychology: consistency seeker, nave scientist, cognitive miser, motivated tactician, and activated actor. /F5 25 0 R Question 7 1.5 / 1.5 points What general approach to studying and thinking about person perception assumes that people will generally put in little effort to thinking about the causes of other people's behavior? endobj -Differs: The cognitive miser theory thus has implications for persuading the public: attitude formation is a competition between people's value systems and prepositions (or their own interpretive schemata) on a certain issue, and how public discourses frame it. "The subtlest and most pervasive of all influences are those which create and maintain the repertory of stereotypes. Which is viewed as more homogeneous? Attempting to observe things freshly and in detail is mentally exhausting, especially among busy affairs. For example, people tend to make correspondent reasoning and are likely to believe that behaviors should be correlated to or representative of stable characteristics. What is the actor-observer bias? 101 0 R 102 0 R 103 0 R 104 0 R 105 0 R 106 0 R 107 0 R 108 0 R 109 0 R 110 0 R Schema: cognitive structure that represents knowledge andbeliefs about a specific category (e.g. How can norms influence prejudice and discrimination? /StructParents 11 /Contents 41 0 R >> /F2 22 0 R For example, people tend to make correspondent reasoning and are likely to believe that behaviors should be correlated to or representative of stable characteristics. stream
Known as the knowledge deficit model, this point of view is based on idealistic assumptions that education for science literacy could increase public support of science, and the focus of science communication should be increasing scientific understanding among lay public. /ToUnicode 367 0 R (b) Estimate the time at which the ball is at its highest point and estimate the height of the ball at that time. Which of the following is a theoretical example of a consistency seeker model of social cognition? /Dialogsheet /Part /Group << /F1 21 0 R 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ->paying an increase of the original price for extras Define 'groupthink' and describe its symptoms and impact on decision making. /Font << What kinds of differences are found in attention, cognition, emotion and behaviors based on cultural dimensions such as independence/interdependence or individualistic versus collectivist? /Tabs /S << /GS7 27 0 R 19 0 obj /Resources << -Ethic of social responsibility: being the target is frustrating [18] However, in relying upon heuristics instead of detailed analysis, like the information processing employed by Heider's nave scientist, biased information processing is more likely to occur. /Parent 2 0 R /Font << /Diagram /Figure 272 0 R 273 0 R 274 0 R 275 0 R 276 0 R 277 0 R 278 0 R 279 0 R 280 0 R 281 0 R >> -Attention: Americans focus on objects, Japanese focused on the context (spatial orientation) Lippmann therefore suggested that the public "cannot be wise", since they can be easily misled by overly simplified reality which is consistent with their pre-existing pictures in mind, and any disturbance of the existing stereotypes will seem like "an attack upon the foundation of the universe". [21] Unless the cognitive environment meets certain requirements, we will try to avoid thinking as much as possible. Stereotype, as a phenomenon, has become a standard topic in sociology and social psychology.[14]. What does WEIRD refer to? /BaseFont /Times#20New#20Roman#2CItalic Naive scientist Heider (1958a) argued that ordinary people are scientific, rational thinkers who make causal attribution s using similar processes to those of scientists. Motivation does affect the activation and use of stereotypes and prejudices. >> 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 278] What is conformity? The cognitive miser theory is an umbrella theory of cognition that brings together previous research on heuristics and attributionalbiases to explain when and why people are cognitive misers. /ParentTree 19 0 R /F2 22 0 R [31] Audiences' attitude change is closely connected with relabeling or re-framing the certain issue. Contrast the wage and salary share to the profit share in terms of relative size. /Group << /Resources << /Type /ExtGState Voters use small amounts of personal information to construct a narrative about candidates. /F1 21 0 R /Subtype /Type0 The Christian Clerical Culture of Western Science (New York: Oxford University Press, 1993), p. 286. /Group << [27][28], Based on the assumption that human beings are cognitive misers and tend to minimize the cognitive costs, low-information rationality was introduced as an empirically grounded alternative in explaining decision making and attitude formation. >> 14 0 obj -Characteristics of the messenger: attractive, credible, similar to oneself. Gordon . self-interest), BUT even in ideal circumstances, people are not very careful scientists & still make errors, people are limited in capacity to process information, take numerous cognitive shortcuts, MOTIVATED TACTICIAN: people have multiple cognitive strategiesavailable, from which they choose on the basis of personal goals,motives, and needs, e.g. -Fundamental attribution error: tendency to overestimate the impact of dispositional influences (enduring characterisitcs like personality) on other people's behavior. /Resources << How did the Robber's Cave researchers reduce inter-group hostility? /Tabs /S /Type /Font 12 [337 0 R 338 0 R 339 0 R 340 0 R 341 0 R 342 0 R 343 0 R 344 0 R 345 0 R 346 0 R 176 0 R 177 0 R 178 0 R 179 0 R 180 0 R 181 0 R 182 0 R 183 0 R 184 0 R 185 0 R What kinds of errors occur when we don't process all relevant information? What is what? /Resources << 18 0 obj basically pick one or the other depending on which one the situation favours. /Contents 45 0 R /GS7 27 0 R The nave scientist and attribution theory, This page was last edited on 8 January 2023, at 09:14, heuristicsinjudgmentanddecision-making, JournalofExperimentalSocialPsychology, "Likegoeswithlike:theroleofrepresentativenessinerroneousandpseudoscientificbeliefs", "Communicatingscienceinsocialsettings", "3MESSAGESANDHEURISTICS:HOWAUDIENCESFORMATTITUDESABOUTEMERGINGTECHNOLOGIES", "Thesocial-cognitivebasesofscientificknowledge", "Bats,balls,andsubstitutionsensitivity:cognitivemisersarenohappyfools", 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195341140.003.0004, Heuristicsinjudgmentanddecision-making. Explain Naive Scientist: NAIVE SCIENTIST: people use rational scientific-like cause-effectanalyses to understand the world . /F3 23 0 R In other words, this theory suggests that humans are, in fact, both naive scientists and cognitive misers. Journalize Versailles Co.s entries to record the payment. For example, people tend to make correspondent reasoning and are likely to believe that behaviors should be correlated to or representative of stable characteristics. a. /Contents 44 0 R -Not enough information: one-shot exposure, fundamental attribution error (the person's fault not ours). /Parent 2 0 R 22 0 obj 25 0 obj /Author (Fiske) /Chart /Sect It is, in many ways, a unifying theory which suggests that humans engage in economically prudent thought processes, instead of acting like scientists who rationally weigh costs and benefits, test hypothesis, and update expectations based upon the results of the experiments that are our everyday actions. /F2 22 0 R What is cognitive dissonance? What are its real world consequences? What is the Twenty Statements Test (TST)? [1] Just as a miser seeks to avoid spending money, the human mind often seeks to avoid spending cognitive effort. /RoleMap 18 0 R -TST: a fill in the blank text, first test was "I am" second test was "I am ___ at school" >> 306 0 R 307 0 R 308 0 R 309 0 R 310 0 R 311 0 R] -Attribution: process of assigning causes to behavior. When processing with System 1 which start automatically without control, people expend little or even no effort, but can generate complex patterns of ideas. -Obedience: submission to authority With efficiency as the key consideration in decision making, the cognitive miser uses mental shortcuts in appraising decision problems. -Between groups: overestimate differences, view the other groups as more homogeneous. How does a "flawed scientist" reason? /ProcSet [/PDF /Text /ImageB /ImageC /ImageI] /Subject (Social Cognition From Brains to Culture 2nd Edition Fiske Test BankInstant Download) stream [9], In order to meet these needs, nave scientists make attributions. -How humans think and behave like they do, Briefly describe the history of this area of psychology. . 313 0 R 314 0 R 315 0 R 316 0 R 317 0 R 318 0 R 319 0 R 320 0 R 321 0 R 322 0 R The last chapter ended with a new model of the social knower, able to function strategically as either naive scientist or cognitive miser. [5][page needed] CallUrl('en>wikipedia>org
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