d) hygiene factors e) Esteem, Sharon, a member of a book club, a sewing club, and a tennis club strives to maintain strong interpersonal relationships. It reflects a motivation to influence and be responsible for other people. c) sense of responsibility. (Credit: Stefan Chow/ flickr/ Attribution 2.0 Generic (CC BY 2.0)), https://openstax.org/books/principles-management/pages/1-introduction, https://openstax.org/books/principles-management/pages/14-2-content-theories-of-motivation, Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. d) affiliation factors a) Motivation = expectancy X instrumentality X valence Given the success of the program, in 2017 it was expanded to all RBS sites and a smartphone app was added to help employees participate in the challenges (Barton 2017). Herzberg argued that there are two sets of needs, instead of the five sets theorized by Maslow. We strive to make the need disappear. 36. To avoid humiliation. b. providing a value system. For example, some people steal to satisfy their lower-order needs (they have high intensity). Term used to describe a therapy style in which the therapist remains relatively neutral and does not interpret or take direct actions with regard to the client, instead remaining a calm, nonjudgmental listener while the client talks. They have very strong desires for feedback about how well they are doing. The first of these, satisfaction progression, is in basic agreement with Maslows process of moving through the needs. Kohlberg's theory of moral development Piaget's stages of cognitive development Erikson's stages of psychosocial development Vygotsky's theory of cognitive development The answer is, the success of many organizations is dependent on the nAch levels of their employees.6 This is especially true for jobs that require self-motivation and managing others. To avoid pain, physical injury, illness, and death. Match leadership to the conditions at hand. According to Herzberg's two-factor theory, which of the following factors are the sources of job satisfaction? c) instrumentality But, once those esteem needs are satisfied, Maslow predicted that self-actualization needs would dominate. b) the five need levels may vary according to a person's career stage, the size of the organization, or geographical location. behavioral. If not, Murray calls this a latent need. The theory of evolution is one of the fundamental keystones of modern biological theory.. Considerable numbers of studies have demonstrated that tasks are intrinsically motivating when they satisfy at least one of three higher-order needs: competence, autonomy, and relatedness. c.) Expectancy b) Motivation = expectancy X equity X rewards Organizations have held this out as a chief motivator for decades!) d) interactional justice As a result, they perform better in jobs that require teamwork. Herzberg recommends using _________ to build motivators into job content. LEVEL 2 Wine Online with Tasting Kit Course runs April 3 - May 8, 2023 Live Webinars: Mondays 4/10, 4/17, 4/24 and 5/08 from 3pm-4:30pm ET. . c) It can vary across cultures. 2017. RBS boosts employee motivation and engagement through its CSR approach. employee benefits. List of Organizational Behaviour Multiple Choice Questions with Answers: Q1. e) Locke and Latham's goal setting theory. e) Locke and Latham's goal setting theory. Our mission is to improve educational access and learning for everyone. Which of the following comparisons of Alderfer's ERG theory and Maslow's needs hierarchy is correct? a) hygiene factors are associated with the job context or work setting. Find (a) the final date on which the cash discount may be taken and (b) the amount necessary to pay the invoice in full if the cash discount is earned. b Other needs take over and we endeavor to satisfy them. 52. a) distributive justice Which of the following is a limitation of Herzberg's two-factor theory? d) esteem. But he also believes that each need can be taught, especially nAch. Social comparison is the basic foundation of which theory? d) Herzberg's two-factor theory. The genetic theory of aging states that lifespan is largely determined by the genes we inherit. individual. To ask or answer general questions. Question 8. But what if Lucretia also has a need to dominate others? Hedonism, one of the first motivation theories, assumes that people are motivated to satisfy mainly their own needs (seek pleasure, avoid pain). Unilever employees more than 170,000 workers globally and has an employ engagement level around 80 percent. The more we grow, the more we want to grow. Instead, they prefer situations where the outcome is uncertain, but in which they believe they can succeed if they exert enough effort. a) Motivation = expectancy X instrumentality X valence Which equation correctly reflects Vroom's expectancy theory of motivation? To revenge an injury. d) psychologically distorting the comparisons. b.) Clayton Alderfer observed that very few attempts had been made to test Maslows full theory. Why or why not? e) Growth, According to ERG, ____________ needs reflect a desire for continued personal development. b) changing the outcomes received. Which of the following is true of the use of Maslow's needs hierarchy? Murray studied many different needs, but very few in any detail. b) It fails to help explain any cross-cultural management situations. evolution, theory in biology postulating that the various types of plants, animals, and other living things on Earth have their origin in other preexisting types and that the distinguishable differences are due to modifications in successive generations. Watson's carative factors include all the following, EXCEPT: A. Once satisfied, employees will be motivated to build esteem and respect through their work achievements. d) Higher-order A lot of fishing, no fish, and no results equal failure! A reclusive accountant may not have been given the opportunity to demonstrate their need for achievement because they never received challenging assignments. Those are the needs at the bottom of the pyramid (physiological, safety, and security). d) Existence, relatedness, and goals Jobs that are best performed alone are more appropriate for low-nAff employees, who are less likely to be frustrated. a) Safety, social, physiological, esteem, and self-actualization c) affiliation d) understand individual employee needs and create work environments that respond to them. a) The multiplier effect is still in question. a.) a) People with a high need for achievement prefer individual responsibilities, challenging goals, and performance feedback. These outside the person factors are extrinsic rewards. Lucretias need to dominate may not be motivating her current behavior because she is with friends instead of coworkers. d. Ken Wilbur. An overriding principle in this theory is that a persons attention (direction) and energy (intensity) will focus on satisfying the lowest-level need that is not currently satisfied. c.) Teachable b) the amount of effort a person puts forth. B) an individual's intensity, direction and persistence. Such needs may exist (latent needs); the work environment is simply not conducive to their manifestation (manifest needs). An invoice of $3168 from Scottish Importers has cash terms of 4/20 EOM and is dated June 5. Process theories of motivation attempt to explain this aspect of motivation by focusing on the intensity of motivation as well as its direction. Managers often assume that employees do not have certain needs because the employees never try to satisfy them at work. c) Existence, relatedness, and growth d) Herzberg's two-factor theory. e) Esteem, relationships, and growth. Starting tellers at a Chase Bank make a reported $36,100 per year and are in a position that has repeated tasks and may not be the most rewarding from a motivational point of view. ( True False) Question 10. b. integrative. c) procedural justice The key difference between theories of learning and models of teaching is that theories describe a. explicit strategies. d) Who will be a more appropriate manager for an employee Job content is what we actually do when we perform our job duties. They do it because it is intrinsically motivating; the hobby satisfies needs for competence, autonomy, and relatedness. d) 28 They should then address the much more powerful motivator needs, in which workers experience recognition, responsibility, achievement, and growth. c) Do your best So, when is this need good, and when is it bad? In this case, Alderfers third component, frustration regression, can cause us to shift our attention to a previously satisfied, more concrete, and verifiable need. e) Locke and Latham's goal setting theory. Think of this in terms of hobbies. Why or why not? In contrast, if high-nAff people perform jobs in isolation from other people, they will be less motivated to perform well. Hygiene factors are not directly related to the work itself (job content). They simply dont exert as much effort in this area as high-nAff people do. A common perception about people who perform unskilled jobs is that they are unmotivated and content doing what they are doing. e) The absence of motivator factors causes job dissatisfaction. a) reducing work inputs. Four componentssatisfaction progression, frustration, frustration regression, and aspirationare key to understanding Alderfers ERG theory. Creative Commons Attribution License With no trains running, MTA employees are able to inspect signals, replace rails and crossties, scrape track floors, clean stations, and paint areas that are not reachable during normal train operation. High-nPow people do have effective employee behaviors, but at times theyre disruptive. The twenty-one Nursing Problems C. Restorative Care Needs D. Therapeutic Self-care Demands c) Self-actualization How? a) Acquired needs e) Hygiene factors include working conditions, interpersonal relations, organizational policies, and salary. c) an employee's responsibility to teach their managers of personal need profiles required for success in different jobs Which of the following content theories of motivation is associated with the needs for achievement, affiliation, and power? Performing well on this job wont satisfy their need to be around other people. Could we detect that need from her current behavior? b) Equity As these needs are satisfied, our growth needs become more active. Learned needs, which Murray called secondary needs, are learned throughout ones life and are basically psychological in nature. b) hygiene factors are sources of job dissatisfaction. For example, it is difficult for researchers to ascertain when interaction with others satisfies our need for acceptance and when it satisfies our need for recognition. d) power The diversity of the living world is staggering. a. the amount of effort a person puts forth. 50. Organizational behavior researchers often classify motivation in terms of what stimulates it. c) affiliation Further, the evidence accumulated provided only partial support. At the end of the pilot, 95 percent of the employees reported that they felt the program had contributed to employee engagement, team building, and environmental stability. a) Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory. insight therapies a. c) an individual's choice when presented with a number of possible alternatives e) Higher and lower-order needs become less important as individuals move up the corporate ladder. That is, we lose interest in the higher-level needs when lower-order needs are energized. If you are redistributing all or part of this book in a print format, nondirectivec. a. esteem High-nAff people like to be around other people, including other people at work. These precepts from SDT are entirely consistent with earlier discussions of theories by McClelland, Maslow, Alderfer, and Herzberg. Question 17:- Managerial implications for the SDT theory include: a) to motivate high performance for uninteresting jobs make performance contingent on extrinsic rewards. Match each vocabulary term to its definition. exports to Europe? To seek enjoyable relaxation from stress. Except where otherwise noted, textbooks on this site a) Acquired needs theory a) expectancies social, esteem, and self-actualization. Identify important outcomes. b) instrumentality is high and expectancy and valence are low According to Maslow, lower-level needs must be satisfied before high-level needs can be achieved. But not all companies battle such low engagement rates. c) McClelland's acquired needs theory. c. contingency. A PURCHASE DOES NOT INCREASE YOUR CHANCES OF WINNING. e. acquired-needs theory. d. serving as a research framework. Extrinsic motivation increases as intrinsic motivation decreases! stick to one leadership style. c) Goals are most likely to lead to higher performance when people have the abilities and the feelings of self-efficacy required to accomplish them. Sustainability should be tied to a higher purpose and foster a sense of unity not simply among employees, but even with competition at a societal level (Knowledge @ Wharton 2016). In response, the two entrepreneurs launched a line of socks that not only reinvents the sock (they claim), but also helps those in need. a) achievement According to his theory, people first direct their attention to satisfying their lower-order needs. a) difficult goals lead to higher performance than "do your best" or easy goals According to Roy's Adaptation Model, the adaptive modes includes all the following, EXCEPT: A. Physiologic Needs B. Self Concept C. Role Function D. Interdependence E. Achievement Answer Key 4.
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