Typically, dictators rise to power when a nation faces significant social issues, such as strong economic crises or unrest among the nation's people. Many countries today are still under a dictatorship, including: Cambodia China North Korea Russia And many more! Adolf Hitler - WORST DICTATOR. This instability in turn required rulers to become increasingly authoritarian to stay in power, further propagating dictatorship in Africa. Infamous dictators of the world are often thought of as tyrants - leaders who rule with iron fists, cruelty, unflinching authority, and a lack of opposition. [33] A ruling party in a one-party dictatorship may rule under any ideology or it may have no guiding ideology. "Tyrants, the World's 20 Worst Living Dictators", by David Wallechinsky, ranked Biya together with three others mainly in sub-Saharan Africa: Robert Mugabe of Zimbabwe, Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo of Equatorial Guinea, and King Mswati of Swaziland. Francois Duvalier (1907 - 1971) The Haitian dictator, also known as Papa Doc, governed the Americas' poorest country from 1957 to he died in 1971. A dictator has the ability to make decisions that will have an impact on the people in many ways, and the worse part is, the people do not consent to being ruled. [75] Lenin was followed by Joseph Stalin in 1924, who consolidated total power and implemented totalitarian rule by 1929. Although it is true that some dictators are far more strict and overbearing than others, as a rule, dictatorships tend to result in a loss of personal autonomy, quality of life, and political choice for everyday citizens. [98], During World War II, many countries of Central and Eastern Europe had been occupied by the Soviet Union. Among Africans past and present, you'll find a smattering of dictatorships. The leader of a dictatorship is called a dictator. The role of dictator was created for instances when a single leader was needed to command and restore stability. [89] Military coups were also a common occurrence after decolonisation, with 14 African countries experiencing at least three successful military coups between 1959 and 2001. The name a democracy gives itself or its office does not indicate what type of democracy it is. A presidential democracy has a government that does not need the majority support of a legislature to stay in power. [101] Albania was established as a communist dictatorship under Enver Hoxha in 1944. The communist and fascist dictatorships that arose in various technologically advanced countries in the first half of the 20th century were distinctively different from the authoritarian regimes of Latin America or the postcolonial dictatorships of Africa and Asia. Current dictatorships include Russia, Equatorial New Guinea, and North Korea. " [23] Military coups do not necessarily result in military dictatorships, as power may then be passed to an individual or the military may allow democratic elections to take place. [69], In the time between World War I and World War II, several dictatorships were established in Europe through coups which were carried out by far-left and far-right movements. More complex economies require additional cooperation between the dictator and other groups. The Soviet economy became unsustainable, and communist governments lost the support of intellectuals. 1. Repression can encompass actual or threatened physical violence such as arrests, assassinations, torture, beatings, disappearances, mass killings, and forced exile. The leader may be supported by a party or military, but still retains the overwhelming majority of power, especially regarding whom to place in which governmental roles, and relies heavily upon their own charisma to maintain control. A dictatorship is a form of government which is characterized by a leader, or a group of leaders, which holds governmental powers with few to no limitations on them. The chief executive must be chosen by popular election or by a body that was itself popularly elected. The authors acknowledged that the last rule is more complicated to implement, but stated that it helps researchers to control potential errors and removes subjective judgement from the classification. For example, DD could classify a country which has a legislative assembly whose official name is "the parliament" but still classify it in any of the three categories. [138] A study found that dictatorships that engage in oil drilling are more likely to remain in power, with 70.63% of the dictators who engage in oil drilling still being in power after 5 years of dictatorship, while only 59.92% of the non-oil producing dictators survive the first 5 years. Myanmar has been thrown into the darkness of the military dictatorship once again as this morning, the military junta arrested "The daughter of democracy" Aung San Suu Kyi and reinstated the military rule. In some circumstances, monarchies are also considered dictatorships if the monarchs hold a significant amount of political power. But for today, these are the world's dictatorships. The earliest military dictatorships developed in the post-classical era, particularly in Shogun-era Japan and in England under Cromwell. Given the degree of censorship and control China's government leverages over its citizens, most political experts would call it a dictatorship. [11], A dictatorship is formed when a specific group seizes power, with the composition of this group affecting how power is seized and how the eventual dictatorship will rule. [149] Military and one-party dictatorships are more likely to experience terrorism than personalist dictatorships, as these regimes are under more pressure to undergo institutional change in response to terrorism.[150]. When the war ended, these countries were incorporated into the Soviet sphere of influence, and the Soviet Union exercised control over their governments. Far-left and far-right dictatorships used similar methods to maintain power, including cult of personality, concentration camps, forced labour, mass murder, and genocide. Adolf Hitler (1889-1945) Joseph Stalin (1878-1953) Pol Pot (1925-1998) Heinrich Himmler (1900-1945) Saddam Hussein (1937-2006) Idi Amin (1952-2003) Is Venezuela a dictatorship? [97], The Middle East was decolonized during the Cold War, and many nationalist movements gained strength post-independence. As you can see, fascism was at its highest popularity during the 1930's. 1. Like most dictators, they also often employ secret police and violence to silence critics. [119][120][121][122], Most dictatorships exist in countries with high levels of poverty. Dictatorships that fail to repress the opposition are susceptible to collapse through a coup or a revolution. Below are the world's most authoritarian regimes: 21. Dictators are incentivized to avoid the use of violence once a reputation of violence is established, as it damages the dictatorship's other institutions and poses a threat to the dictator's rule should government forces become disloyal. This violence is frequently exercised through institutions such as military or police forces. The leader of a dictatorship is called a dictator.Politics in a dictatorship are controlled by the dictator and facilitated through an inner circle of elites that include advisers, generals, and other high-ranking officials. Its capital and most populous city is Algiers. [24], Military dictatorships often have traits in common due to the shared background of military dictators. President Vladimir Putin is currently serving his fourth term as President of Russia. In the latter half of the 20th century, Latin America witnessed a rise in authoritarian regimes across the expanse of the regionoften with multiple dictators following different political . Single-party dictatorships were most common during the Cold War, with dominant-party dictatorships becoming more common after the fall of the Soviet Union. But for today, these are the world's dictatorships. [93] Chiang Kai-shek continued to rule as dictator of the National government's rump state in Taiwan until his death in 1975. the dictatorship of the proletariat had to be preserved in the socialist countries to assure that the reeducated minds of the workers already lucky enough to live under socialism were not re-infected by capitalist ideas coming in from outside the people's collectivist . [73], The first communist state was created by Vladimir Lenin and the Bolsheviks with the establishment of Soviet Russia during the Russian Revolution in 1917. The power structures of dictatorships vary, and different definitions of dictatorship consider different elements of this structure. Functioning of government: 3.57. [148], Institutions that coerce the opposition through the use of violence may serve different roles or they may be used to counterbalance one another in order to prevent one institution from becoming too powerful. [136], Dictatorships are typically more aggressive than democracy when in conflict with other nations, as dictators do not have to fear electoral costs of war. Examples of Fascism. Rodrigo Duterte (Philippines) Rodrigo Roa Duterte is the legally, directly-elected President of the Philippines and leading member of the PDP-Laban party. [115], The Middle East and Northern Africa did not undergo liberalization during the third wave of democratisation, and most countries in this region remain dictatorships in the 21st century. [90] These new African governments were marked by severe instability, which provided opportunities for regime change and made fair elections a rare occurrence on the continent. [1]:68 The figures at the left show the results in 1988 and 2008. [61] In Europe, the Commonwealth of England under Oliver Cromwell, formed in 1649 after the Second English Civil War, has been described as a military dictatorship by its contemporary opponents and by some modern academics. Hybrid dictatorships are regimes that have a combination of these classifications. Binary measure of democracy and dictatorship, Six-fold regime classification scheme and its rules, Comparison with other democracy-measuring data sets, Studies in Comparative International Development, "Minimalist Conception of Democracy: A Defense", Przeworski, Alvarez, Cheibub, and Limongi: Democracy and development, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Democracy-Dictatorship_Index&oldid=1141715357, All articles with specifically marked weasel-worded phrases, Articles with specifically marked weasel-worded phrases from February 2023, Wikipedia articles needing clarification from January 2023, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0. This was replaced by a trend of developing a positive public image to maintain support among the populace and moderating rhetoric to integrate with the global community. But for today, these are the world's dictatorships. The dictatorship of Francisco Franco in Spain , from 1939 to 1975. [108], Dictatorship in Europe largely ended after the fall of the Soviet Union in 1991, and the liberalization of most communist states. [1], The dictator exercises broad power over the government and society, but other individuals are necessary to carry out the dictator's rule. (Dictator of Italy and Principal Founder of Fascism Who Was Prime Minister of Italy from 1922 to 1943.) In their book "Dictators and Dictatorships: Understanding Authoritarian Regimes and Their Leaders", authors Natasha M. Ezrow and Erica Frantz lay out five types of dictatorships: Power is obtained and maintained through military might. Qatar - Sheikh Hamad Bin Jassim Bin Jabr Al-Thani Russia - Vladimir Putin, President of Russia Rwanda - Paul Kagame, President of Rwanda Saudi Arabia - King Fahd bin Abdul Aziz, King of Saudi Arabia Somalia - Hassan Sheikh Mohamud, President of Somalia South Sudan - Salva Kiir Mayardit, President The predominance of violent force in military training manifests in an acceptance of violence as a political tool and the ability to organize violence on a large scale. Just like a dictatorship, an autocracy is a government headed by a single ruler (the autocrat) whose decisions are not subject to legal restraints and who exercises unlimited and undisputed power. This may be ensured through incentives, such as distribution of financial resources or promises of security, or it may be through repression, in which failing to support the regime is punished. A Roman dictator was a special magistrate that was temporarily appointed by the consul during times of crisis and granted total executive authority. But this is not the first time Myanmar is having the bitter taste of autocracy, in fact, their governance turned . Perhaps someday some of these modern dictatorships will cast off their dictators and embrace a more democratic and inclusive form of government. A political rival accused Obiang of cannibalism in 2004, but no evidence to support the claim has ever surfaced. [124], The type of economy in a dictatorship can affect how it functions. [4] A unified inner circle has the capacity to overthrow a dictator, and the dictator must make greater concessions to the inner circle to stay in power. Based on a "minimalist" theory of democracy, the index relies on rules regarding the existence of competitive elections. Secondly, while the term "dictatorship" is widely understood to include inherent abuse of powerthere is arguably no such thing as a benevolent dictatorhistory offers several examples of autocrats who tried to do what was best for their people. It has a population of approximately 31 million people, making it the 42nd most populous country in the world. The Democracy-Dictatorship Index is seen as an example of the minimalist approach, whereas the Polity data series is more substantive. President Obiang gained power in 1979 after ousting his uncle, Francisco Macas Nguema, and sentencing him to death by firing squad. [74] The Bolsheviks consolidated power by 1922, forming the Soviet Union. A dictator that has concentrated significant power is more likely to be exiled, imprisoned, or killed after ouster, and accordingly they are more likely to refuse negotiation and cling to power. Dictators often employ illegal and/or immoral methods to maintain their power and control, including the use of secret police, indefinite arrests, and concentration camps. The dictatorship was revived 120 years later by Sulla after his crushing of a populist movement, and 33 years after that by Julius Caesar. [126] For dictatorships, societal compliance is necessary for the ruling entity to maintain its desired order, laws, revenue, and policies. Accused of crimes against humanity, Saddam Hussein was sentenced to death in 2006. He became the 22nd president of Liberia on August 2, 1997 and served until August 11, 2003. [135] Negotiated removals are more likely to end in democracy, while removals by force are more likely to result in a new dictatorial regime. 5. The Modern World's Dictatorship Countries African Dictators A Global View of Dictators Is China a dictatorship? 10. Changing Human Nature Needs a "Dictatorship of the Proletariat" . Also called a dominant party dictatorship or one-party state. Right now, 74% families are homeowners. Modern Dictatorship Countries. [6], The opposition to a dictatorship represents all of the factions that are not part of the dictatorship and anyone that does not support the regime. Leaders of these dictatorships often place those loyal to them in positions of power (qualified or not), and foster cults of personality to sway public opinion to their side. [142] Dictatorships may influence the results of an election through electoral fraud, intimidation or bribing of candidates and voters, use of state resources such as media control, manipulation of electoral laws, restricting who may run as a candidate, or disenfranchising demographics that may oppose the dictatorship. Monarchies may be dynastic, in which the royal family serves as a ruling institution similar to a political party in a one-party state, or they may be non-dynastic, in which the monarch rules independently of the royal family as a personalist dictator. When necessary, a dictator may also make an effort to replace or amend the nation's constitution to empower, enrich, or otherwise benefit the dictator and his/her allies to a greater degree. This page was last edited on 26 February 2023, at 12:26. Too Much Power. Current Dictators Kim Jong-un Kim Jong-un is North Korea's current dictator and the third generation Kim to rule the country, following the death of his father Kim Jong-il in 2011. A dictatorship is a type of government in which a single personthe dictatoror party has absolute power. His economic plans have been praised by leaders like Kemal Pasha. [91], The Chinese Civil War ended in 1949, splitting the Republic of China under Chiang Kai-shek and the People's Republic of China under Mao Zedong. [8]:456, The second distinction made is whether the head of state is popularly elected for a fixed term. This is a list of countries, nations, and states governed or ruled by a dictatorship, is sorted alphabetically and contains some information about each nation, such as the capital, and even the official language or currency of the country. The first distinction made is whether a country has a government has legislative responsibility, i.e. At the onset of the so-called "third wave" of democracy in 1978, the only democratic regimes were Costa Rica, Colombia and Venezuela. Parliamentary democracy is the same as semi-presidential but has heads of state which are not popularly elected for a fixed term, typically either monarchs or officials not chosen by popular elections. In the past, they wore olive-green uniforms and used military might to gain power. [73] During World War II, Italy and Germany occupied several countries in Europe, imposing fascist puppet states upon many of the countries that they invaded. Political participation: 2.22. In the former, for example, the President must appoint as Prime Minister the leader of the largest party in parliament, who has three days to gain the confidence of a majority thereof. [144] Since the end of the Cold War, more dictatorships have established "semi-competitive" elections in which opposition is allowed to participate in elections but is not allowed to win, with approximately two-thirds of dictatorships permitting opposition candidates in 2018. Some of the multi-party states with governing communist parties include Brazil, Nepal, India, and Russia. 1. The theories about society, capital and labor got turned into a dictatorship, genocide, and poverty. Explore a few of the famous ones. If the head of state serves for life or is not popularly elected or a fixed term, then the democracy is parliamentary.[1]. Negative effects include the unraveling of social organizations and democratic institutions and the prohibition of other political parties. Adolf Hitler - 1889-1945.
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