If the viscosity is low, non-explosive eruptions usually begin with fire fountains due to release of dissolved gases. what generally happens when subduction-derived magma ... Viscosity is a fluid"s resistance come flow. A magma containing not much silica (= SiO2). Andesitic magma has moderate amounts of these minerals, with a temperature range from about 800 o C to 1000 o C (1472 o F to 1832 o F). Viscosity varies from one lava to another lava and from one magma to another magma. Magma and Igneous Rocks. Viscosity is the resistance to flow (opposite of fluidity). A)basalt B)andesite C)dacite D)rhyolite These magma's have a low viscosity since the lower the SiO2-content, the lower the viscosity; and hence flow easily (↔ . The viscosity of magma highly depends on the composition of the magma. Magma is typically found several kilometers from the surface of the earth or in areas . Mafic vs. Felsic- How Lava Types Effect Volcanoes ... . However, it does contain a lot of magnesium and iron, along with a low gas content. It is distributed across divergent plate boundaries, hot spots, convergent plate boundaries. It has a very low viscosity (Which leads to gentler and less explosive eruptions). Multiple Choice . Viscosity controls the rate of magma flow in response to a given pressure change and the rate at which gas bubbles and solids (rock fragments and crystals) move through a magma. Lava Type: Rhyolite. How Do We Estimate Magma Viscosity? A) Basaltic Which magma type would generally have the lowest viscosity? ; Magma is a mixture of liquid rock, crystals, and gas. Powerful, explosive, volcanic eruptions can result in climatic cooling for millions of years following the eruption. The average composition of rocks comprising a large composite cone or stratovolcano is generally _____. They tend to have high Silicon content, also known as Silica content. Three simple types the magma: Mafic or Basaltic-- SiO2 45-55 wt%, high in Fe, Mg, Ca, short in K, Na intermediate or Andesitic-- SiO2 55-65 wt%, intermediate. Gases (mostly steam) build up in the magma chamber and explode VI. in Fe, Mg, Ca, Na, K 3. What type of volcanic material is indicative of eruption under water? What are the three main types of magma? Basaltic magma has the lowest viscosity, so more of it reaches the surface; the more viscous rhyolitic magmas are so sluggish that they tend to be trapped deep below the surface where they cool, solidify, and grow into the larger mineral crystals of plutonic rocks. . The amount of silica influences the magma's viscosity in such a way that if the silica content is low, the magma would have low viscosity, whereas a high content of silica would make the magma more thick and sticky. This type of magma is low in iron, magnesium, and calcium while high in potassium and sodium. Most basaltic magma rises relatively rapidly to Earth's surface and reacts very little with crustal rocks because of it's low viscosity. Answer (1 of 6): Well the more general answer will be a felsic magma of granodioritic-granitic composition. Which magma type would generally have the lowest viscosity? Shield volcanoes are composed almost entirely of relatively thin lava flows built up over a central vent. Low viscosity and low gas content generally lead to quiescent eruptions. As a result, felsic magma also has the highest gas content and viscosity, and lowest mean temperatures, between 650o and 800o Celsius (1202o and 1472o Fahrenheit). Calderas. Viscosity is the resistance to flow in a liquid. Viscosity rank Low. Such a granitic magma if extruded onto the earth surface, will be called rhyolitic magma with silica content of approximately 65 - 75%. Effusive eruptions involve the outpouring of basaltic magma that is relatively low in viscosity and in gas content. A high volatile content decreases viscosity (like . Volatile Content: Magma invariably contains small amounts of dissolved gas (water, CO 2 etc) which is released as pressure is removed. When magma reaches the surface of the earth, it is called lava. Basaltic magma-- SiO2 45-55 wt%, high in Fe, Mg, Ca, low in K, Na 2. In contrast, rhyolite magmas are viscous enough to limit bubble movement. Non explosive eruptions are favored by low gas content and low viscosity magmas (basaltic to andesitic magmas). Magma has a higher viscosity if it has a lower temperature, is rich in silica, and contains a high abundance of dissolved gases Use the rock cycle to explain the statement "One rock is the raw . Viscosity is defined as the resistance to flow. High silica melts can be many orders of magnitude more viscous than basalts. basalt. Higher SiO2 (silica) content magmas have higher viscosity than lower SiO2 content magmas (viscosity increases with increasing SiO2 concentration in the magma). Most shields were formed by low viscosity basaltic magma that flows easily down slope away form the summit vent. Which magma type would generally have the lowest viscosity? They include two types Volcanic or extrusive igneous rocks form when the magma cools and crystallizes on the surface of the Earth ; Intrusive or plutonic igneous rocks wherein the magma crystallizes at depth in the Earth. These enormous structures form the largest (in volume and mass) mountains on Earth. Basalt generally has a composition of 45-52 wt% SiO2, 2-5 wt% total alkalis, 0.5-2.0 wt% TiO2, 5-14 wt% FeO and 14 wt% or more Al2O3. Viscosity is the measure of the resistance to flow by a fluid. Explosive eruptions generally involve magma that is more viscous and has a higher gas content. The viscosity of magma highly depends on the composition of the magma. Which type of magma flows the fastest? CONTROLS OF VISCOSITY OF MAGMA A. MAGMA VISCOSITY, TEMPERATURE, AND GAS CONTENT. Generally magma has a temperature range from 700-1300 degrees Celsius. Kilauea on the Big Island, for example, has erupted mafic lava almost continuously since 1983. Rhyolitic magma is a jelly-like type of magma that is made up of basaltic magma and siliceous materials. Mafic: Mafic magma has a low viscosity, with high temperatures. Explosive Eruptions Explosive eruptions are favored by high gas content and high viscosity (andesitic to rhyolitic magmas). A. Silica, also called silicon dioxide, compound of the two most abundant elements in Earth's crust, silicon and oxygen, SiO2. H ear this out loudPauseBasaltic magmas have lower viscosities, higher temperatures, and lower volatile contents than silicic magmas, and therefore generally have a lower potential for explosive activity. Which magma type has the lowest viscosity? granite. Bubbles in high-viscosity magmas have low mobility and remain coupled to the magma at all times. Viscosity is the resistance to flow (opposite of fluidity). What type of lava does Hawaii have? There are two principal types of lava flows in Hawaii. Unlocked . Which type of volcanoes is most violent? Viscosity of Magmas Viscosity is the resistance to flow (opposite of fluidity). answer choices . 3. It is said that the higher the silica content, the higher the viscosity. Felsic magma has the highest silica content of all magma types, between 65-70%. The percentage of silica in felsic magma is between 65% and 70%, and, because of this, it also has the highest viscosity (gooiness) and gas content. For example: a basaltic magma. Which components of magma is the highest and the lowest in value? The lower the silica content, the lower the viscosity. Questions to Answer: 1. The surface of volcanic domes are generally very rough, with numerous spines that have been pushed up by the magma from below. The magma-bubble mixture will therefore move as a single fluid. Deals with the viscosity of the magma Viscosity--the measure of how easily a fluid flows High viscosity = pasty (e.g., molasses) Low viscosity = watery (e.g., water) B. What type of volcanic material is indicative of eruption under water? Hear this out loudPauseA basaltic lava flow has a low viscosity due to its low SiO2 content. Hawaiian shield volcanoes also have flank vents, which radiate from the summit and take the form of en-echelon fractures or fissures, called rift zones . The effect of temperature on viscosity is intuitive. Higher SiO2(silica) content magmas have higher viscosity View Test Prep - ch 9 quiz from EARTH 106 at MiraCosta College. Viscosity depends on primarily on the composition of the magma, and temperature. As a result of its higher viscosity and gas content, intermediate magma builds up pressure below the Earth's surface before it can be released as lava. But the more technical and accurate answer would be . Of chemical bonds within the liquid. The viscosity of a substance is a measure of its consistency. You are watching: What type of magma has the highest viscosity. What type of magma has the highest silica content? Calderas are generally large (some up to 15 miles in diameter), steep-walled, basin-shaped depressions formed by the collapse of a volcanic edifice into an emptying magma chamber and although the word caldera only refers to the vent, many use calderas as a volcano type, typically formed by high-viscosity felsic volcanism with high volatile content. . Basalt. Rhyolite, andesite, basalt. The higher the viscosity of a magma, the lower the potential for explosive . Viscosity depends on primarily on the composition of the magma, and temperature. Free. Volatile Content: Magma invariably contains small amounts of dissolved gas (water, CO 2 etc) which is released as pressure is removed. A magma's viscosity. Unlocked . answer choices . Silica Content (% Weight) More than 68 Magma temperature 700-850 C Viscosity rank High. The amount of dissolved gases in the magma can also affect it's viscosity, but in a more ambiguous way than temperature and silica content. 1.High silica, high temperature 2.High silica . . in Fe, Mg, Ca, Na, K Rhyolitic magma -- SiO 2 65-75%, low in Fe, Mg, Ca, high in K, Na Gases in Magmas andesitic. Powerful, explosive, volcanic eruptions can result in climatic cooling for millions of years following the eruption. PAHOEHOE - has a shiny, smooth, glassy surface. As the ability of a substance to resist flow. A) basalt. Cold syrup, ~ above the various other hand, has actually a higher viscosity. Andesitic magma — SiO2 55-65 wt%, intermediate. As a result, felsic magma also has the highest gas content and viscosity, and lowest mean temperatures, between 650o and 800o Celsius (1202o and 1472o Fahrenheit). True. Which one of the following shows the correct order (left to right)of decreasing magma viscosity? Since volcanic eruptions are caused by magma (a mixture of liquid rock, crystals, and also dissolved gas) expelled top top the Earth"s surface, we"ll first review the characteristics of magma the we extended previously. Magma-the name for lava before it erupts--is strongly influenced by its viscosity. A magma with a high SiO (silica) content has a higher viscosity than one with a lower SiO content (its viscosity increases as SiO concentration increases). Magmas that have a high silica content will therefore exhibit greater degrees of polymerization, and have higher viscosities, than those with low-silica contents. Mafic rocks are also often distinguished by their dark color. Unlock to view answer. Lower temperature magmas have higher viscosity than higher temperature magmas (viscosity decreases with increasing temperature of the magma). Q08 Q08 Q08 . The viscosities of magmas increase with increasing percentages of silica. answer choices . Heating reduces viscosity (warm syrup flows more easily than cold.) High viscosity lavas flow slowly and typically cover small areas. basalt. Unlike the case of low-viscosity magma, when bubbles coalesce, they form a permeable network, and the magma can develop a foamy structure. As a result, felsic magma also has the highest gas content and viscosity, and lowest mean temperatures, between 650o and 800o Celsius (1202o and 1472o Fahrenheit). The higher the viscosity of a magma, the _____ the potential for explosive eruptions. . . Is silica the most abundant element on earth? How does viscosity affects the movement of magma? The viscosities of magmas increase with increasing percentages of silica. Basaltic . Basaltic magma - 1000 to 1200oC Andesitic magma - 800 to 1000oC Rhyolitic magma - 650 to 800oC. It has a silica content of 65-75%. Which is magma type has the highest viscosity? pumice. pillow lavas. They may also produce surges with resulting . It tends to be more fluid (lower viscosity), hence flows more quickly and produces thinner flows (typically 1-3 m). The more complex the silicates melted in the magma, the higher the viscosity. How does lava and magma differ in viscosity? A stratovolcano, also known as a composite volcano, is a conical volcano built up by many layers (strata) of hardened lava and tephra. Three general types are recognized: Basaltic magma -- SiO 2 45-55 wt%, high in Fe, Mg, Ca, low in K, Na Andesitic magma -- SiO 2 55-65 wt%, intermediate. Magmas have a viscosity which is their resistance to flow. …. Characteristics of Magma Types of Magma Types of magma are determined by chemical composition of the magma. A Hawaiian eruption is a type of volcanic eruption where lava flows from the vent in a relatively gentle, low level eruption; it is so named because it is characteristic of Hawaiian volcanoes.Typically they are effusive eruptions, with basaltic magmas of low viscosity, low content of gases, and high temperature at the vent.Very small amounts of volcanic ash are produced. The viscosity and silica content of a magma determines how it erupts. How explosive is basaltic? The below picture is of the mafic rock basalt. Which type magma most likely has the lowest viscosity? Andesitic magma-- SiO2 55-65 wt%, intermediate. in Fe, Mg, Ca, Na, K. Rhyolitic magma — SiO2 65-75%, low in Fe, Mg, Ca, high in K, Na. Their relatively low viscosities are why basalts are generally extruded in quiet (effusive) or mildly explosive eruptions. Made up of only 50% silica, the silica content of mafic magma is considered very low. List and define each of the three major types of volcanoes and give one example of each. Viscosity is defined as the ability of a substance to resist flow. True. density, specific heat, viscosity, and thermal conductivity of typical rhyolitic magma bearing 2 wt% dissolved H 2O at 900 C at low pressure, are 2260 kg/m3, 1450 J/kg K, 500,000 Pa s, and 1 W/m K, respectively. Answer: Felsic magma has the highest silica content of all magma types, between 65-70%. basalt. Generally, the magmas are considered into four types: Ultramafic The temperature of the ultramafic magma reaches up to 1500 degree Celcius. Higher SiO 2 (silica) content magmas have higher viscosity than lower SiO 2 content magmas (viscosity increases with increasing SiO 2 concentration in the magma). Types of Magmas. Three general types are recognized, but we will look at other types later in the course: 1. Example: Pine Sap or Molasses (High Viscosity) vs. Water (Low Viscosity) The HIGHER the viscosity, the more resistance to flow!! Why do magmas have different viscosities? Its chemical composition Types of magma are determined by chemical composition of the magma. A liquid is said to have a high viscosity if it flows slowly and a low viscosity if it flows freely. Which magma type would generally have the lowest viscosity? Basaltic magma is high in iron, magnesium, and calcium but low in potassium and sodium. Acidic lava, which is very viscous (sticky). Becomes, thus lowering its viscosity. What is the main factor that determines how volcanoes erupt? Three general types are recognized: Basaltic magma — SiO2 45-55 wt%, high in Fe, Mg, Ca, low in K, Na. Felsic Magmas: The rocks that form from this type of magma are representative of continental rocks. The magma that has the highest viscosity is rhyolitic magma. Everyday examples are water (low viscosity) and hot tar (high viscosity). Eruptions associated with basaltic lava usually are not explosive due to the low silica and gas content. Unlike shield volcanoes, stratovolcanoes are characterized by a steep profile with a summit crater and periodic intervals of explosive eruptions and effusive eruptions, although some have collapsed summit craters called calderas. As a result, felsic magma also has the highest gas content and viscosity, and lowest mean temperatures, between 650o and 800o Celsius (1202o and 1472o Fahrenheit). basalt andesite dacite rhyolite 1 points Save Answer QUESTION A water-free rhyolitic melt of otherwise identical composition has a density and viscosity of 2350 kg/m3 and 1.2 1010 Pa s . Volatiles in a magma with a high viscosity, generally felsic with a higher silica (SiO2) content, tend to produce eruptions that are explosive. In general the viscosity of a low silica magma like basalt is thousands of times more viscous than liquid water. _____ magma is the most abundant type of magma erupted on Earth. Answer (1 of 5): * Pelean - These eruptions result from the collapse of an andesitic or rhyolitic lava dome, with or without a directed blast, to produce glowing avalanches or nuée ardentes, as a type of pyroclastic flow known as a block-and-ash flow. Lava Type: Andesite. Higher SiO 2 (silica) content magmas have higher viscosity than lower SiO 2 content magmas (viscosity increases with increasing SiO 2 concentration in the magma). Which component of magma is the highest and lowest in value? Answer: Felsic magma has the highest silica content of all magma types, between 65-70%. Water, because that example, is a short viscosity fluid. Magmas and Lava. Magmas formed by melting of mantle rocks have generally low volatile contents, but those formed by partial melting of crustal rocks are often volatile-rich. Mafic Silica Content (% Weight) 53-68 Magma temperature 800-1100 C Viscosity rank Intermediate. Answer: Felsic magma has the highest silica content of all magma types, between 65-70%. The is thick and goopy. Why does magma have a higher viscosity than water? Temperature and magma composition are the most important factors that influence viscosity. Higher SiO 2 (silica) content magmas have higher viscosity than lower SiO 2 content magmas (viscosity increases with increasing SiO 2 concentration in the magma). The is thin and runny. QUESTION 1 Which magma type would generally have the lowest viscosity? Why is basaltic lava less explosive? Basaltic magma has a low viscosity whereas rhyolitic magma has a high viscosity. Viscosity depends on primarily on the composition of the magma, and temperature. One characteristic surface of a basalt flow is called pahoehoe which has a ropy or billowy surface. Thus, basaltic magmas tend to be fairly fluid (low viscosity), but their viscosity is still 10,000 to 100,0000 times more viscous than water. Which magma type would generally have the lowest viscosity? The mass of Earth's crust is 59 percent silica, the main constituent of more than 95 percent of the known rocks. Magmas and Lava . Shield volcanoes thus form by relatively non-explosive eruptions of low viscosity basaltic magma. has the same composition as basalt and fuels the volcanoes that make up Hawaii. Because the viscosity is low, mafic magma tends to produce volcanic cones with gentle slopes, called shield volcanoes. 2. Felsic magma has the highest silica content of all magma types, between 65-70%. Magmas formed by melting of mantle rocks have generally low volatile contents, but those formed by partial melting of crustal rocks are often volatile-rich. Composite volcanoes have the following characteristics: Andesitic magma, which is lower in temperature, has more silica and a lot of dissolved gases and is more likely to explode when it reaches the surface. In general, eruptions can be categorized as either effusive or explosive. Felsic Magma Of all the types of magma that exist, felsic magma has the most silica in it. Is the inverse of fluidity. . Which magma type would generally have the lowest viscosity? The lower the silica content, the lower the viscosity. _____ magma is the most abundant type of magma erupted on Earth. . Among the three, basalt has the lowest silica content and that would mean that its' viscosity is the lowest among the given. Viscosity of Magmas Viscosity is the resistance to flow (opposite of fluidity). It is said that the higher the silica content, the higher the viscosity. Which type of magma/lava has the lowest viscosity and least violent eruptions and which has the highest viscosity and the most violent eruptions? Composite volcano magma is felsic, which means it contains silicate-rich minerals rhyolite, andesite, and dacite. A) basalt B) andesite C) dacite D) rhyolite. Low-viscosity lava from a shield volcano, such as might be found in Hawaii, flows from fissures and spreads. Forms when rocks in the upper mantle melt. However, basaltic eruptions display great variability, from mild lava flows to more energetic explosions with large plumes. Viscosity depends on primarily on the composition of the magma, and temperature. Rhyolitic Magma. Temperature, composition, and volatile (gas) content largely determine the viscosity of lava. Felsic magmas are the 'coolest' of all magma types, normally ranging from about 650 to 800 degrees C (roughly 1200 to 1500 F) and also have the highest silica content, coming in at anywhere between 65 and 75 percent. Shield volcanoes thus form by relatively non-explosive eruptions of low viscosity basaltic magma.Vents for most shield volcanoes are central vents, which are circular vents near the summit. What factors decrease viscosity of magma? A high volatile content decreases viscosity (like . temperature. Free . As a lava cools, the viscosity increases as the lava starts to solidify. Mafic magmas typically have 1% to 3% volatiles. Steep sides as the lava doesn't flow very far before it solidifies. Which magma type would generally have the lowest viscosity? Since volcanic eruptions are caused by magma (a mixture of liquid rock, crystals, and dissolved gas) expelled onto the Earth's surface, we'll first review the characteristics of magma that we covered previously.. Three basic types of magma: Mafic or Basaltic-- SiO 2 45-55 wt%, high in Fe, Mg, Ca, low in K, Na Before cooling, mafic lava has a very low viscosity. High viscosity magmas clog the piping system. It ranges in temperature from about 1000 o C to 1200 o C (1832 o F to 2192 o F). Q09 Q09 Q09 . Rather . Igneous Rocks are formed by crystallization from a liquid, or magma. Magmas that have a high silica content will therefore exhibit greater degrees of polymerization, and have higher viscosities, than those with low-silica contents. The type of magma erupted on the Hawaiian Islands is predominantly basaltic. Basaltic magma is low in viscosity compared to felsic magma. . Magma or hot molten rock beneath the earth's surface has an average temperature of around 1300 degrees F to 2400 degrees F or 700 degrees C to 1300 degrees C. Komatiite magma, in particular, can reach the temperature of 1600 degrees Celsius.. Magma formation depends on the type of environment it is formed. A) Basaltic B) Granitic C) Andesitic D) Pegmatitic. Low viscosity magmas, such as some basalts, can form very long lava flows very rapidly. Free. 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